Pesticides To Use And Ways To Apply Them

29.7 PESTICIDES TO USE AND WAYS TO APPLY THEM

These are names of possible pesticides. Contact your nearest extension agent for details regarding the most effective, cheapest pesticide for your area. After identifying the correct medicine, follow the instructions carefully for mixing and application.

Dust Bags: For example, a 1-% Coumaphos powder can be used. Apply 4 to 10 pounds in doubled burlap bags. Hang the bags where animals treat themselves daily, such as near mineral or salt blocks and in the exit of the milking barn. Bags should hang 4 to 6 inches so they rest on the animal’s back as it walks by. Protect the bags from weather. Do not hang the bags over feed, mineral or water troughs.

2 Backrubber oil: For example, mix 1 liter of 24% EC in 4 liters of diesel fuel. Apply 4 liters per 20 feet of cable regularly.

3 165 ml of 57% EC in 4 liters of diesel fuel. Soak the backrubbers in this.

Blank pageVocabulary A Abdomen- The part of the body that contains the stomach, kidneys, liver, and intestines.

Abortion- Death of the baby in the uterus.

Abscess- A localized collection of pus.

Absorption- The uptake of substances into or across tissues such as skin, intestine, and kidney tubes.

Acute- Sudden and short lived. An acute illness is one that starts suddenly and lasts a short time.

Allergy (allergic reaction)- A problem such as itching, rash, hives, sneezing, and sometimes difficult breathing or shock that affects certain animals when specific things are breathed in, eaten, injected, or touched. Some drugs like penicillin may also cause an allergic reaction.

Analgesic- Medicine to calm pain.

Anatomy- The science of the structure of an animal body.

Anemia- A disease in which the blood gets thin for lack of red blood cells. Signs include tiredness, pale skin, lack of energy, and a swelling under the jaw.

Anthelmintic- A chemical substance which destroys worms.

Antibiotic- A chemical substance which inhibits the growth of, or kills, bacteria. Antibiotics are not affective against viruses.

Antihistamine- Medicine used to fight allergies.

Antiparasitic- An agent which is destructive to parasites.

Antiseptic- A chemical substance which will stop or slow the growth of microorganisms.

Artery- A vessel carrying blood from the heart through the body. Arteries have a pulse. Veins, which return blood to the heart, have no pulse.

B Bacteria- One-celled microorganisms that can be seen only with a microscope. Some bacteria cause disease, others do not.

Bladder stones- See Kidney Stones.

Bolus- A very large tablet made to be swallowed by horses, cattle, sheep, and goats.

Booster- A repeat vaccination to renew the effect of an earlier series of vaccinations.

Brand name- Trade name. The name a company gives to its product. A brand name medicine is sold under a special name and is often more expensive than the same generic medicine.

Breech delivery- A birth in which the baby starts to come out tail first. The AHA must correct the position so that the hind legs and tail come out together.

C Cancer- A growth of highly abnormal cells which spread locally and/or to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph. The natural course of this growth is often fatal.

Carbohydrates- Energy foods like maize, wheat, rice, cassava, potatoes, and squash.

Centigrade (C.)- A measure or scale of heat and cold.

Cervix- The opening or neck of the womb at the back of the vagina.

Chronic- Long term or frequently recurring. A chronic disease is one that lasts a long time.

Circulation- The flow of the blood through the veins and arteries by the pumping of the heart.

Colic- Sharp abdominal pains caused by spasms or cramping of the gut.

Colostrum- The mother animal’s first milk. It looks watery but it is rich in protein and helps to protect the young from infection.

Conjunctiva- A thin, protective layer that covers the white of the eye, and the inner side of the eyelids.

Constipation- Dry, hard, difficult stools (bowel movements) that do not come often.

Contagious disease- A sickness that can be spread easily from one animal to another.

Contractions- Tightening or shortening of muscles. The strong contractions of the womb when a mother is in labor help to push the young out of the womb.

Contraindication- A situation or condition when a particular medicine should not be taken.

(Many medicines are a contraindication in pregnancy).

Cubic Centimeter (cc.)- A unit of volume in the metric system equal to a milliliter (ml).

D Deficiency- Not having enough of something; a lack.

Dehydration- A condition in which the body loses more liquid than it takes in. This lack of water is especially dangerous in young animals.

Diarrhea- Frequent or runny stools. Diarrhea often leads to dehydration.

Diet- The kinds and amounts of certain foods that an animal should or should not eat.

Discharge- A release or flowing out of fluid, mucus, blood, or pus.

Disinfectant- A chemical which frees objects from infective microorganisms. Usually used on non-living objects.

Dislocations- Bones that have slipped out of place at the joint.

Drench- A liquid mixture of a medicine, given by pouring into the back of the mouth.

Drug- Any chemical compound that may be used or administered as an aid in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease or other abnormal conditions, for the relief of pain or suffering, or to control or improve any disease condition.

E Ectoparasite- A parasite that lives on the outside of the body of its host.

Edema- Accumulation of excessive fluid in the subcutaneous tissues.

Endoparasite- A parasite which lives in the body of its host.

Embryo- The beginnings of an unborn animal when it is still very small.

Epidemic- An outbreak of disease affecting many livestock in a community or village at the same time.

Expiration date- The month and year marked on a medicine that tells when it will no longer be good. Throw away most medicines after this date.

F Fahrenheit (F.)- A measure or scale of heat and cold. Water freezes at 32 degrees F, and boils at 212 degrees F.

Fetus (fetus)- The developing of a baby animal inside the uterus.

Fever- A body temperature higher than normal.

First Aid- Emergency care or treatment for an animal that is sick or injured.

Flukes- Flat worms that infect the liver, blood, or other parts of the body and cause different diseases.

Fracture- A broken bone.

Fungus- A parasitic microorganism that causes diseases like ringworm.

G Generic name- The scientific name of a medicine, as distinct from the brand (trade) names given to it by the different companies that make it.

Germs- Very small organisms that can grow in the body and cause some infectious diseases (microorganisms).

Goiter- A swelling on the lower front of the neck (enlargement of the thyroid gland) caused by lack of iodine in the diet.

Gram (gm.)- A metric unit of weight. There are about 28 grams in an ounce. There are 1000 grams in one kilogram.

Gut thread or gut suture material- A special thread for sewing or stitching tears. The gut thread is slowly absorbed (disappears) so that the stitches do not need to be taken out.

H Heart (girth)- Measurements of the distance around the body just behind the forelimbs; used in many weight estimation calculations.

Hemorrhage- Severe or dangerous bleeding.

Herb- A plant, especially one valued for its medicinal or healing qualities.

Hereditary- Passed on from parent to offspring.

Hernia (rupture)- An opening or tear in the muscles covering the abdomen that allows a loop of the gut to push through and form a ball or lump under the skin.

History- An account of information concerning the animal. It includes but is not limited to breed, sex, age, previous illnesses, previous vaccinations, housing, food, and major symptoms of illness.

Hives- Hard, thick, raised spots on the skin that itch severely. They may come and go all at once, or move from one place to another. It is a form of an allergic reaction.

Hormones- Chemical made in parts of the body to do a special job. For example, estrogen and progesterone are hormones that regulate heat and pregnancy.

I Immunity- It is when an animal develops its own protection against a specific organism. When the white blood cells protect the body against invading substances (antigens) by attacking and killing infectious organisms.

Immunizations (vaccinations)- Medicines that give protection against specific diseases, for example, rabies.

Infection- A sickness caused by bacteria or other germs. Infections may affect part of the body only (such as an infected foot), or all of it (such as HS).

Infectious disease- Caused by living organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The organisms enter the body through an opening in the skin, or a body opening, and cause damage.

Inflammation- A localized protective response caused by injury or death of tissues. It is characterized in the acute form by signs of 1. Pain 2. Heat 3. Redness 4. Swelling.

Insecticide- A poison that kills insects.

Intramammary- Within the mammary gland or udder.

Intestines- the guts or tube-like part of the food canal that carries food and finally waste from the stomach to the rectum.

Intramuscular- In the muscle.

Intramuscular (IM) injection- An injection put into a muscle (usually the neck or leg muscles).

Intravenous- In the vein.

J Jaundice- A yellow color of the eyes and skin. It is a sign of disease in the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, or blood.

K Kidneys- Large, bean-shaped organs in the abdomen that form urine.

Kidney stones- Small stones that form in the kidneys and pass down the ureter to the bladder, and out the urethra. They may block the ureter or the urethra and make urination painful or impossible.

Kilogram (kg)- One thousand grams. A kilo is equal to a little over two pounds.

L Larva (larvae)- The young worm-like form that comes from the egg of many insects or parasites. It changes form when it becomes an adult.

Laxative- A medicine used for constipation that makes stools softer and more frequent.

Liter (l.)- A metric measure equal to about one quart. A liter of water weighs one kilogram.

Liver- A large organ in the abdominal cavity. It is important in digestion.

Lubricant- An oil or soap used to make surfaces slippery.

Lymph nodes /glands- Small lumps under the skin which are located in different parts of the body, including the neck, between the legs, the chest, and the abdomen. These glands act like traps for germs. When they are infected, they become painful and swollen.

M Malnutrition- Health problems caused by lack of the nutrients the animal needs.

Mastitis- An infection of the udder, often in the first weeks or months after giving birth. It causes the udder to become hot, swollen, and red.

Microorganism- A minute organism. Those of interest are bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. They cannot be seen without the help of a microscope.

Microscope- An instrument with lenses that make very tiny objects look larger.

Milligram (mg.)- A unit of weight in the metric system; one thousandth of a gram.

Milliliter (ml.)- A unit of volume in the metric system; one one-thousandth of a liter.

Minerals- Simple metals or other things the body needs, such as iron, calcium, iodine, and phosphorus.

Mucus- A thick slippery liquid that moistens and protects the nose, throat, stomach, guts, and the female reproductive tract.

N Navel- Umbilicus; the place in the middle of the abdomen where the umbilical cord was attached.

Necropsy- Examination of a body after death (also known as a post mortem).

Nerves- Thin threads or strings that run from the brain to every part of the body and carry messages for feeling and movement.

Non-infectious diseases- a disease that does not spread from animal to animal (e.g. malnutrition, bladder cancer, bloat, etc.

Normal- Usual, natural, or average. Something that is normal has nothing wrong with it.

Nutritious- nourishing. Nutritious foods are those that have the things the body needs to grow, be healthy, and fight off disease.

O Obstruction- A condition of being blocked or clogged. An obstructed gut is a medical emergency.

Ointment- A salve or lotion to use on the skin.

Ophthalmic- Pertaining to the eye.

Oral- Pertaining to the mouth.

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)- A drink to correct dehydration; which you can make with boiled water, sugar, salt, and sodium carbonate. It can also be made with rice flour instead of sugar.

Organ- A part of the body that is more or less complete in itself and does a specific job. For example the lungs are for breathing.

Otic- Having to do with the ears.

Ounce- A measure of weight equal to about 28 grams. There are 16 ounces in one pound.

P Paralysis- Loss of the ability to move part or all of the animal’s body.

Parasites- Worms and tiny animals that live in, or on, another animal or person, and cause harm. Fleas, intestinal worms, and protozoa are parasites.

Parenteral- Not by mouth but by injection.

Pasteurization- The process of heating milk or other liquids to a certain temperature (60 degrees) C for about 30 minutes in order to kill harmful bacteria.

Pelvis- Hip bones.

Pesticide- A poison that kills pests such as ticks and insects.

Petroleum jelly (petrolatum, Vaseline)- A grease-like jelly used in preparing skin ointments.

Placenta (after birth)- The dark and spongy lining inside the womb where the fetus joins the mother’s body. The placenta usually comes out within several hours, after the young animal is born.

Prevention- Action taken to stop sickness before it starts.

Prolapse- The slipping outside of a part of the body from its normal position; for example a prolapsed uterus or rectum.

Proteins- Body building foods necessary for proper growth and strength.

Protozoa- Microorganisms that may cause disease (e.g. coccidia).

Pulse- The rhythmic expansion of an artery which may be felt with a finger and corresponds to each beat of the heart. The pulse rate is the number of pulsation’s of an artery per minute.

Pupil- The round opening or black center of the iris of the eye. It gets smaller in bright light and larger in the dark.

Pus- A liquid product of infection made up of cells and body fluid.

R Rate- The number of times something happens in a given amount of time; for example the pulse.

Rectum- The end of the large intestine close to the opening from the body.

Resistance- The ability of something to defend itself against something that would normally harm or kill it. Many bacteria become resistant to the effects of certain antibiotics.

Respiration- Breathing. The respiratory system includes the bronchi, lungs, and other organs used in breathing. The respiration rate is the number of times an animal breathes in one minute.

S Sanitation- Public cleanliness involving community efforts in disease prevention, promoting hygiene, and keeping public places free of waste.

Scrotum- The bag between a male animals legs that holds his testicles or balls.

Sedative- A chemical agent which decreases excitement.

Shock- A dangerous condition with severe weakness or unconsciousness, cold, sweat, and fast or weak, pulse. It is caused by dehydration, hemorrhage, injury, burns, or a severe illness.

Seroma- A collection in the tissues of serum and blood.

Side effects- Problems caused by using a medicine.

Sterilization- (1) to kill microorganisms on instruments, bottles, and other things by boiling or heating in an oven. (2) Also, a permanent way of making a male or female unable to reproduce.

Stethoscope- An instrument used to listen to sounds in the body, such as the heartbeat.

Subcutaneous (SQ or SC)- Beneath the skin.

Symptoms- The feelings or conditions related to a disease.

T Tablespoon- A measuring spoon that holds 3 teaspoons or 15 ml.

Teaspoon- A measuring spoon that holds 5 ml. Three teaspoons equal one tablespoon.

Temperature- The degree of heat in a living body.

Thermometer- An instrument used to measure how hot the body temperature is.

Tick- A crawling insect-like bug that buries its head under the skin and sucks blood.

Topical- For the skin. A topical medicine is to be put on the skin.

Toxemia- A sickness resulting from certain poisons (toxins) in the body; for example, pregnancy toxemia.

Toxic- Poisonous.

Toxicity- The quality of being poisonous.

Toxin- A substance which is highly poisonous for other living animals.

Transmit- To pass on, transfer, or allow spreading from one animal to another.

Tumor- An abnormal mass of tissue. Some tumors are due to cancer.

U Ulcer- A hole in the skin that can be shallow or deep. A popped vesicle can cause them. Deep ulcers can become chronic and take a long time to heal.

Umbilical cord- The cord that connects a baby from its navel to the placenta on the inside of its mother’s womb.

Umbilical hernia- A large, outward bulge of the navel- caused by a loop of the intestine that has pushed through the muscles holding the guts.

Umbilicus- See Navel.

Urethra- Urinary tube or canal. The tube that runs from the bladder to the vagina or penis.

Urinary tract- The system of organs concerned with the formation and getting rid of urine-such as kidneys, bladder, and urinary tube (urethra)

Urine- Liquid waste from the body; made by the kidneys.

Uterus- Womb.

V Vaccinations- See Immunizations.

Vagina- The tube or canal in females that connects the cervix (the door to the uterus) to the outside of the female’s body.

Vessels- Tubes. Blood vessels are the veins and arteries that carry the blood through the body.

Virus- A group of very small microorganisms that cause disease. Viruses are not killed by antibiotics.

Vitamins- Protective foods that our bodies need to work properly.

Vomiting- Throwing up the contents out of the stomach through the mouth.

W Welts- Lumps or ridges raised on the body, usually caused by a blow or an allergy (hives).

Withdrawal period- the amount of time for a removal of a medicine from the body to allow safe consumption of the meat, milk, or the eggs.

Womb (uterus)- The sac inside a female’s abdomen where a baby is made.

General Index Things in this book are listed in the order of the alphabet.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

3 Day sickness, 207 Abdomen, 53 pain in, 189, 190 Abortion, 131, 154, 159 caused by medicines, 162 Abscess draining, 222 Abscesses, 220 Absorption, 176 Accidents, 78 Acepromazine Maleate, 364 Acetonemia / ketosis, 253, 271 Acriflavine, 379 Activated Charcoal, 367 Active immunity, 90 Acute disease Effects of, 12 definition of, 11 Adrenal glands, 263 Aelurostrongylus, 332 African swine fever, 96 Age estimation, 32 cattle, 34 goats, 35 horses, 32 sheep, 35 Aggressive behavior, 250 Albendazole (Valbazen, Albomar), 371 Alcohol sterilizing equipment, 76 Alcohol, 379 Alcohol production, 99 Alfalfa / lucerne source of protein, 98 Allergic reactions, 204 Allergy, 84, 353 Alum, 381 Aminoglycoside group (antibiotics), 353 Amitraz, 382 Ampicillin (Polyflex, Albipen), 355 Amprolium, 342 Amprolium (Amprol, Corid), 371 Analgesics, 363 Analgin, 364 Ancylostoma, Bunostomum, 331 Anemia definition of, 261 pale conjunctiva, 50 parasites, 50 small roundworms, 330 Anesthesia local, 217 Anesthetics, 363 Animal Health Agent (AHA), 1, 2, 5 tasks of, 8 Animal health services, 5 Anorexia, 178 Anthrax, 196 confusion with HS, 205 Antibiotic Ointment, 376 Antibiotic resistance definition of, 352 Antibiotics, 352 cattle and buffalo, 354 dogs and cats, 354 horses and donkeys, 354 pigs, 354 sheep and goats, 354 which to use, 353 Antidotes, 362 Antigens and antibodies, 89 Antihistamines, 359 Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 359 Antiprotozoals (Berenil, Babesan), 366 Antiseptic, 379 Antiseptics, 381 Appetite, lack of, 178 Arthritis, 238 Artificial insemination, 174 Aspirin, 360, 365, 368 Atrophic rhinitis, 274 Atrophy, 209 Atropine, 83, 86 Atropine, 362 Babesiosis, 245 Babies born dead or early death, 280 Bacillus anthracis, 196 Back rubber for pesticides, 116 Bacteria definition, 87 Balling gun for giving pills or boluses, 64 Beans, lentils source of protein, 98 Behavior, 44 Benzyl benzoate for mites, 114 Benzyl Benzoate, 376 Big head, 52, 330 Birds large roundworms, 329 Birth, difficult, 139 Birthing areas, 56 Biting by rabid animal, 252 Blackflies, 117 Blackleg (Blackquarter), 209 Bladder infection, 248 ruptured, 248 stones, 247 tumor, 274 Bleeding, stopping it, 78 Blindness, 256 vitamin A deficiency, 256 Blisters / vesicles, 49, 51 Bloat causes of, 185 due to change in diet, 185 due to clover, 185 due to rich food, 185 see stomach, problems of, 185 Bloat / Tympany, 366 Bloat Tympany, 185 Blocked esophagus, 184 Blood loss from wounds, 78 Blood smears, 291 Blood sugar low, nervous signs, 249 Blood sugar, low, 253 Blood system, 261 Bloody stools, 194 Body systems affected by disease, 13 Body-building foods (protein)

definition of, 97 Boiling method sterilization of equipment, 76 Boluses, 64 Bones broken (see fracture), 232 food needed, 101 infections, 242 Borax, 381 Boric Acid, 381 Bots, 120 Bottle jaw, 52, 125, 261, 330 Bovine Leukemia, 221 Bowline knot, 16 Brain parasites in, 256 Bran, rice, 98, 99 Brand (trade) names, 4, 345 Breeding guidelines, 164 Breeding table, 135 Bronchitis, 200, 203 Brucellosis, 54, 161 public health disease, 281 Buffalo and cattle casting, 21 handling of, 17 large roundworm, 327 tapeworms, 338 Buffalo flies, 117 Burdizzo for castration, 168 Burns, 86, 220 Bush flies, 117 Calcium deficiency, 270, 308 poultry, 302 Calcium Injections (Calboral, Mifex, etc.), 362 Calves feeding medicine to, 27 handling of, 23 Camphor Balls (Mothballs), 376 Cancer, 221, 273 Cancer, blood, 262 Cannibalism, 56 Carbaryl (Sevin),, 382 Carbohydrates and fats (energy-giving foods)

definition of, 99 Carbon dioxide, 198 Carcinoma, 273 Case history, 3 Casting cattle and buffalo, 21 horses, 26 Castrations burdizzo method, 168 cause of tetanus, 259 general, 168 horses, 171 open method, 169 pigs, 173 Cattle and buffalo age estimation, 34 casting, 21 handling of, 17 weight estimation, 36 Cattle grubs, 121 Cattlepox, 224 Cephalexin (Keflex), 356 Cercariae, 334 Cervix, 133 examination of, 141 open during normal delivery, 137 opening with treatment, 145 Cestodes (tapeworms), 336 Chabertia, 331 Chickens restraint and handling of, 31 treating for internal parasites, 129 Chlorhexidine (Nolvasan, Virosan), 379 Chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning, 83 Chlorine Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite), 380 Chlorpheniramine maleate, 359 Choke, 184 Chronic disease effects of, 12 definition of, 11 Circling disease, 337, 338 gid, 256 Listeriosis, 256, 280 Circulatory system, 260 Clinical examination, 42 examination of the environment, 55 history, 42 observation and physical examination, 44, 46 Clostridium perfringens, 194 Clostridium tetani, 258 Clover cause of bloat, 185 source of protein, 98 Cloxacillin (Orbenin, Dariclox, Dri-clox), 356 Coccidiosis, 297 as cause of bloody diarrhea, 192 Cold storage vaccines, 91 Colic, 190 Colostrum, 90, 138 Coma, 257 Community leaders, 2 Community participation community meetings for education, 61 Concentrates, 305 Conformation, 239 Conjunctiva, 50 anemia, 50 toxemia, 50 yellow, 50 Conjunctivitis, 85 Constipation, 188 Contagious disease control of, 95 definition of, 14, 87 Contagious ecthyma, 49, 182, 225 see orf or sore mouth, 182 Control of contagious diseases, 95 Control of disease definition, 95 principles of, 95 Convulsions, 257 Cooperia, 331 Coronary band, 228 Corpus luteum (CL), 133 Cortisone, 263 Costs, 9, 12 Cough due to respiratory disease, 200 due to throat infection, 202 Coumaphos, 382 Crate (chute)

building of, 19 Crazy behavior, 250 Crazy cow, 253 CRD (Chronic Respiratory Disease), 297 Cresol, 380 Cross breeding, 166 Crowding, 56 Culling, 167 Curative care definition of, 6 Cyanide poisoning, 81 Cypermethrin, 382 Cystic ovary, 160 Cysticercosis (pork tapeworm), 282, 339 Cystitis, 248 Cysts, 340 follicular, 160 hydatid, 278 luteal, 161 skin, 221 tapeworm cysts in the brain, 256 trichinosis, 280 Cythion, 382 Deficiency, definition of, 9 Deformities, 231 Deformities, leg, 53, 231, 239 Dehorning, 226 Dehydration, 49, 191, 247, 267 causes of, 267 due to bad water, 55 due to diarrhea, 191 due to electrical current in water source, 55 eyes sunken in sockets, 50 lack of appetite, 178 Dehydration, skin test, 49 treatment of, 268 Delivery, difficult (dystocia), 139 Delivery, normal, 136 Demodectic mange, 114 Dessication, 380 Dexamethasone, 360 Diagnosis, 3 deciding which body system, 57 Diarrhea, 191, 367 acute, 191 bloody, 193 causes of, 191 chronic, 193 due to change in diet, 191 due to dirty food or water, 191 due to internal parasites, 191 Diarrhea, bloody (see dysentery), 193 coccidia, 129, 193, 341 Diazinon, 382 Dichlorvos, 382 Dictyocaulus, 332 Diet change of, as cause of bloat, 185 change of, as cause of diarrhea, 191 Difficult birth, 139 breech (tail only), 144 cervix closed, 145 dead, bloated baby, 147 front leg back, 143 head back, 143 twisted uterus, 145 Difficult breathing allergic reactions, 84, 204 bloat, 186 examination for, 199 organophsophate toxicity, 83 poisons, 204 sign of respiratory disease, 200 Digestibility, 304, 305 Digestion definition, 176 Digestive system function of, 176 grass-eaters and non-grass eaters, 176 Dipping tanks, 318 cattle and buffalo, 319 management of, 320 sheep and goats, 319 Direct smear fecal exam, 289 Discharges ears, 51 eye, 200 hooves, 52 navel, 53 nose, 51, 200, 202 penis, 54 vulva, 53, 151 Disease acute, 11 causes of, 10 chronic, 11 classification of, 15 Disease contagious, 14 definition of, 8 infectious, 14 non-infectious, 15 outbreak, 60 surveillance, 96 zoonotic, 14 Disinfectant, 379 use in sanitation, 94 Disinfection, 96 Dislocation of joints, 235 Distemper, 276 Diuretics, 370 Diuretics (Furosemide, Lasix, Ridema,), 361 Dogs large roundworms, 329 Dose calculation, 349 Downer animal, 148 Drenching, 65 Drooling object caught in throat, 52, 183 rabies, 52 sore mouth, 182 Dry matter, 303, 304 Dumb rabies, 252 Dipyrone, 365 Dysentery, 193 see diarrhea, bloody, 193 Dystocia (difficult delivery), 139 Ear infection (otitis), 266 Ear mites rabbits, 114 Ear Ointment, 377 Ears, 51, 266 infection, 249, 257 mites, 257 Eating too much, 185 Echinococcus, 337 Echinococcus granulosis public health disease, 278 Ectoparasites, definition of, 107 Eggs of parasites, 289 Electric currents, 55 Embryotomy, 147 Emergency situations symptoms that require immediate treatment, 77 Emphysema, 203 Endocrine system, 263 Energy (carbohydrates and fats)

sources of, 99 Energy deficiency, 306 signs of, 100 Energy-giving foods (carbohydrates and fats)

definition of, 99 Enterotoxemia, 194 Enzymes digestive juices, 176 Ephemeral fever, 207 Epidemic, 60 Epinephrine (Adrenaline), 363 Estrogen, 131, 154, 365 Estrus (heat), 133 Examination of the environment, 55 possible poisoning, 55 type of food and water, 55 type of management, 55 type of shelter, 55 Excited behavior, 250 Expiry date, 347 External medicine for skin use, 375 Eye Drops, 377 Eye Ointment, 377 Eye Wash, 376 Eyes, 50, 264 cancer of, 273 conjunctiva, 50 injuries and infections, 85, 265 sclera, 50 sunken with dehydration, 50 worms - how to remove, 86 Feeding medicine to calves, 27 to goats, 27 to sheep, 27 Feet examination of, 52 Fenbendazole (Panacur, Fencur), 372 Fenthion, 383 Fertilization, 133 Fetotomy, 147 Fever, 46 cause of lack of appetite, 178 treatment for high fever, 62 use of cool water and shade, 63 use of drugs to treat, 63 First aid, major allergy, 84 bleeding wounds, 78 poisons and toxicities, 80 protect from weather, 79 shock, 85 First aid, minor eye injuries/infections, 85 minor allergic reactions, 84 minor wounds and burns, 86 Fixing a fracture - see fracture, 233 Fleas, 111 Flies, 115 Floatation fecal exam, 290 Fluke (Trematode)

see also liver fluke, rumen fluke and blood fluke, 333 Fluke, rumen, 335 Flunixin Meglumine, 360, 365 Fluorescent antibody test for rabies diagnosis, 252 Follicular cyst, 160 Foot and mouth disease (FMD), 49, 51, 96, 183 Footrot, 52, 230 Formalin, 262, 292, 380 sending specimens, 207 Fowl pox, 294 Fowl typhoid, 295 Fracture compound fracture, 232 definition, 232 examination of, 232 fixing the bones, 233 open fracture, 232 setting the bones, 233 simple fracture, 232 treatment of, 233 Free choice minerals, 307 Free choice water, 314 Fruit, 99 Fungi, 123 definition, 87 Furious rabies, 252 Garbage, 99 problems from feeding to pigs, 280 Generic names, 345 Genetic improvement, 165 Gentamycin (Gentocin, Garamycin), 357 Gentian Violet, 376, 380 Germs definition, 87 Gid (circling disease), 256, 337, 338 caused by tapeworm cyst in brain, 256 Glands, 263 adrenal, 263 thyroid, 263 Glycerine, 292 sending specimens, 207 Goat pox, 224 Goats age estimation, 35 feeding medicine to, 27 restraint and handling, 27 weight estimation, 41 Goiter, 263 Government veterinary officials requesting help, 59 Grain eating too much, 189 Grain and by-products, 98, 99 Grass tetany, 272 nervous signs, 249 Grass, dry and rough, 99 Grass, fresh and green, 99 Grass-eaters and non-grass eaters, 176 Growth food needed, 97 Gumboro disease, 298 Haemonchus, 331 Hair loss, 49 Halters buffalo, 17 cattle, 17 horses, 24 Handling of livestock see restraint, 16 Hardware disease, 189, 260 Hay, 98, 99 Head, swollen due to snake or insect bites, 204 Health definition of, 8 Health certificates, 96 Heart problems, 260 Heat (estrus), 133 lack of, 159 signs of, 164 Heat (estrus) cycle, 134 Heel flies, 121 Hematoma, 221 Hematuria, 244, 287 Hemoglobinuria, 162, 246, 287 Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), 96, 205 Hernia, 221 Hexachloroethane (Hexathane), 374 Hexachlorophene (Distodin, Flukin), 374 History asking questions, 42, 43 Hog cholera, 197 Hoof / hooves abscess or bruise, 236 abscesses, 52 cause of lameness, 236 cracked, 238 examination of, 52, 236 footrot, 52 problems of, 52, 236 trimming and care, 228 Hookworms, 331 Hormones, 263, 365 Horn flies, 117 Horns broken, 86 broken, 225 cutting, 226 Horse bots, 120 Horse flies, 117 Horses age estimation, 32 large roundworms, 328 restraint, handling, tying, and casting, 24 treating for internal parasites, 129 twitch, 25 weight estimation, 40 Host definition, 325 House flies, 117 HS Hemmorhagic septicaemia, 267 Hydatid cyst, 278, 340 Hydrogen Peroxide, 376, 380 Immunity active, 90 definition, association with resistance, 89 passive, 90 susceptible, 89 Impaction, 188 Inbreeding, 167 Incisors (teeth)

age estimation, 32 Indigenous knowledge learning from farmers, 61 Induced ovulators, 134 Infection, 14 definition, 87 Infections of the bone, 242 Infectious diseases control, 95 definition, 87 definition of, 14 Infectious diseases examples, 88 of mouth, 182 of stomach and intestines, 194 prevention of, 93 quarantine, 95 table of, 88 Infertility in females abortion, 158 Infertility in males, 163 Inflammation definition, 359 Injections. See general, 68 intramuscular (IM), 72 intravenous (IV).

See preparing syringe, 70 proper procedure for IM and SC or SQ, 73 sites on body, 72 subcutaneous (SC or SQ), 72 Injury and trauma, 78 Injury or trauma nervous signs, 249 Insect bites, 82 Intermediate host control of, 94 definition, 325 Intra-Mammary, 377 Intra-mammary treatment how to use, 157 Intramuscular injections, 72 Intra-Uterine, 377 Intravenous injections, 74 pigs, 75 Iodine, 263, 376, 380 Iodine deficiency, 310 Iron Dextran, 361 Isolation, 42, 95 definition, 95 of sick animals, 60 Ivermectin, 371, 383 Jaundice, 162, 197 yellow eyes, 50 Joint ill (see infectious arthritis), 238 Joints, dislocation of, 235 Kaolin, 367 Ketosis, 271 Ketosis / acetonemia (cattle), 253 nervous signs, 249 Kicking prevention of, 20 Knots, how to tie, 16 Laboratory procedures, 283 Lameness, 232 arthritis, 238 calcium / phosphorus deficiency, 242 due to hoof problems, 236 due to wounds, 235 footrot, 52 fractures, 232 hooves/feet, 52 osteomalacia, 242 rickets, 242 Lameness, sprains, 238 vitamin D, 242 Large roundworms, 124, 129, 326 Larvae, definition, 325 Larvae (maggots), 115 Laxatives, 367 Leeches, 122 nasal, 122 Legs, 53 bent, 231 deformities, 53, 231 dislocation of, 235 stiff, 231 Legume, 98 Leptospira, 278 Leptospirosis, 162 public health disease, 278 Leucaena source of protein, 98 Leukemia, 262, 273 Levamisole, 373 Lice, 112 Lifecycle coccidia, 341 flies, 115 large roundworms, 326 liver fluke, 334 small roundworms, 329 tapeworms, 336 ticks, 109 Torsalo or nuche maggots, 121 Lime, 381 Lips, 182 Listeria, 280 Listeriosis, 256 nervous signs, 249 Liver disease, 197 cause of jaundice, 197 nervous signs, 249 Liver fluke, 129, 203 lifecycle, 334 Livestock Production factors affecting, 5 necessary components, 1 Local Anesthetics (lidocaine, novocaine, lignocaine, and bucaine), 365 Local Herbal Mixtures (Stonil, 370 Local Herbal Mixtures (Timpol)), 366 Locally-Made Tablets, Powders & Mixtures (Himalayan Batisa / Herminsa), 370 Lockjaw see tetanus, 258 Lucerne / alfalfa source of protein, 98 Lumpy jaw, 182 Lungworms, 203 lifecycle, 332 Luteal cyst, 161 Lymph nodes, 262 Lymphoma, 273 Maggocide Cream, 375 Maggots fly larvae, 115 myiasis, 118 Magnesium deficiency, 272, 310 Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts), 367 Malathion, 382 Malathion Powder, 376 Malignant edema, 209 Malnutrition due to bad teeth, 51 due to chronic diarrhea, 191 due to digestive problems, 176 signs of, 125 Mandatory slaughter, 96 Mange from lice, 113 Mastitis acute, 155 chronic, 158 examination of milk, 53 table of treatment, 156 Meat inspection, 262 Mebendazole (Benzicare, Equiverm, Telmin), 373 Medicines brand (trade) names, 345 care and storage, 344 disposal, 344 dose calculation, 349 expiry date, 347 generic names, 345 injections, 68 labels, 347 measuring, 349 names, forms and strengths, 345 pills or boluses, 64 record keeping, 343 selecting the right one, 34 withdrawal time, 348 Melanoma, 274, 334 Metastrongylus, 332 Methoxychlor, 382 Metritis, 154, 161 discharge from vulva, 53 Meullerius, 332 Micro-organisms definition, 87 digestive system beneficial micro-organisms, 177 Microscope, 87 Midges, 117 Milk examination of, 53 source of minerals, 101 source of protein, 98 Milk fever, 148, 270 nervous signs, 249 Milk letdown, 263 Milk production food needed, 97, 101 Mineral deficiency, 306 lameness, 242 phosphorous, 55 treatment of, 102, 307 Mineral excesses, 313 Mineral mixes make it yourself, 308 Mineral Oil, 366, 367 Mineral-giving foods (minerals)

function of, 101 Minerals source of, 101 Miracidium, 334 Mites, 113 Molasses, 99 Molds, source of toxins, 55 Monensin, 342 Monezia, 338 Monkey mouth, 51 Mosquitoes, 117 Mousebrain inoculation for rabies diagnosis, 252 Mouth, 51 examination of, 52, 179 infection of, 180 sore mouth as cause of lack of appetite, 178 sores or blisters, 51 Movement of sick animals, 44 Muscular system function of, 209 Mustard Oil, 366 Myiasis, maggots, 118 Navel, 53 Navel infection, 56 hot, swollen navel, 53 infectious arthritis, 238 Necropsy, 277 Needles, for injections, 69 Nematodirus, 331 Nervous signs 1. strange, aggressive, excited or crazy, 250 2. circling, blindness, or pushing head against obj, 256 3. tilted head, 257 4. stiffness, trembling, convulsions, coma, 257 5. paralysis, 259 Nervous system, function of, 249 New Methylene Blue, 368 Newborn, care of, 138 Newcastle disease, 96, 293 Niclosamide, 375 Nitrate poisoning, 82 Nitrofurans, 370 Nits, lice eggs, 112 Non-infectious disease, definition of, 15 Non-ruminant, intestinal sounds, 53 Nose, 51, 264 bleeding, 202 Nose rings, 18 Nutrient, definition, 97 Nutrition general guidelines and hints, 106 three keys to understanding, 97 Nutritional deficiencies, 306 Poultry, 301 Observation of sick animals movement, 44 respiration, 45 Oesophagostomum, 331 Oil, cooking for bloat, 188 Oil seed cakes source of protein, 98 Oil, motor, to treat mange, 114 Oocysts, 341 Oral medicines, 64 Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), 268, 367 Orf, 182 see contagious ecthyma or sore mouth, 182 Osteomalacia, 242 Osteomyelitis, 242 Ostertagia, 331 Otitis, see ear infection, 257 Outbreak, 60 Ovarian cyst, 160 Overeating, 185 Overgrazing cause of teeth problems, 180 Overheating, 45 Ovulation, 133 Oxyclosanide, 375 Oxygen, 198 Oxytetracycline, , 357, 369 Oxytocin, 137, 151, 153, 263, 366 Pain, 368 cause of lack of appetite, 178 Paracetamol, 365 Paralysis, 209 care of animals with, 259 definition, 259 discussion of, 259 Paramphistomum, 335 Paraphimosis, 247 Parasite survey, 126 Parasites anemia, 50 brain affected by, 256 brain, nervous signs, 249 definition, 87 diarrhea from, 191 intermediate hosts, 94 resistance, 325 spinal cord, nervous signs, 249 Parasites, external bots, 120 definition, 107 fleas, 111 flies, 115 general control, 108 general symptoms, 107 horn flies, buffalo flies, 117 horse flies, tabanids, 117 house flies, bush flies, 117 leeches, 122 lice, 112 maggots, 118 midges, blackflies, mosquitoes, 117 mites, 113 ringworm, 123 screw worm, 119 sheep keds, 117 table flies, stomoxys, 117 ticks, 108 Torsalo or nuche maggots, 121 tsetse flies, 118 warbles, cattle grubs, 121 Parasites, external, chickens, 300 Parasites, internal 4 keys to treating, 125 Parasites, internal cecal worms, 300 chickens, 299 coccidia, 341 control of, 127, detailed approach, 325 eggs of, 289 general lifecycle, 124 general symptoms, 125 large roundworms, 124, 129, 326 larvae, 325 liver fluke, 129, 333 lungworms, 332 medicines - choosing the best one, 128 roundworms, 300 rumen fluke, 335 simple rules for treating, 129 small roundworms, 129, 329 stomach and intestinal, 325 tapeworms, 129, 300, 336 treatment of, simple rules, 129 use of medicines regularly, 127 when medicines do not work, 130 Parrot mouth, 51 Passive immunity, 90 Pasteurization as prevention of public health diseases, 281 Pasture management, tick control, 111 Pasture rotation, 93, 127, 330 Pen/Strep (Penicillin G Procaine + Dihydrostreptomycin), 356 Penicillin and cephalosporin group (antibiotics), 353 Penicillin G (benzathine), 355 Penicillin G (procaine), 355 Penis, 54, 133, 247 discharges, 54 injury, 54 size and shape, 54 Penis, broken, 164 Permethrin, 382 Pesticide poisoning, 83 Pesticides backrubbers, 316 dipping, 318 direct application, 316 dust bags, 316 ear tags, 316 pour-on, 317 spraying, 315 use of, 110, 315 Pheniramine maleate, 359 Phenol, 381 Phenylbutazone, 365 Phenylbutazone (Bute, Butazolidin), 368 Phimosis, 247 Phosmet, 382 Phosphorous deficiency, 55 Phosphorus deficiency, 309 poultry, 302 Physical examination, 3, 46 abdomen, 53 ears, 51 eyes, 50 feet, 52 hooves, 52 legs, 53 mouth, 51 navel, 53 nose, 51 penis, 54 pulse, 47 rectal exam, 54 skin, 49 teats/udder, 53 teeth, 51 temperature, 46 vulva, 53 Pigs feeding medicines, 67 intravenous injections, 75 large roundworms, 328 restraint and handling, 28 sensitivity to temperature, 56, 63 treating for internal parasites, 129 weight estimation, 39 Pills or boluses, 64 Piperazine, 327, 375 Piroplasmosis, 245 Pituitary gland, 263 Placenta disposal of to prevent disease, 281 retained, 152 Pneumonia, 200, 203 Poisons, 204 chlorinated hydrocarbon, 83 cyanide, 81 examination of environment, 55 monensin or rumensin if fed to horses, 55 nervous signs, 249 nitrates, 82 organophosphate, 83 pesticide, 83 plants, 55, 80 rat poison, 83 respiratory disease, 204 salt poisoning, 55 snake bite, 82 Poisons, treatment of atropine sulfate, 83 magnesium sulfate, 80 see various poisons, 80 Pullorum (BWD), 295 Poor Farmers, 6 Post mortem examinations, 42, 283 Potassium Permanganate, 376, 381 crystals to control bleeding, 79 Potatoes, yams, 99 Poultry Antidiarrheal Medicines, 370 Poultry health, 293 Povodine-Iodine (Betadine), 376 Pox, 224 PPR (Peste de petit ruminant), 276 Prednisolone, 360 Pregnancy exam, 54 normal, care of mother, 136 Pregnancy toxemia, 253, 271 Prevention is better than cure, 9 Prevention of infectious disease, 93 Prevention/Control, 3 Preventive care, definition of, 6 Progesterone, 131 Prolapsed uterus, 149 Prolapsed vagina, 149 Promethazine, 359 Propylene glycol, 254 Prostaglandin, 131, 154, 366 Protozoa definition, 87 Protective foods (vitamins)

definition of, 103 Protein (body building foods)

sources of, 97 Protein deficiency, 306 signs of, 98 treatment of, 98 Protostrongylus, 332 Pseudo-rabies nervous signs, 249 Public health diseases anthrax, 196 brucellosis, 161, 281 definition of, 278 echinococcus hydatid cyst, 278 echinococcus, hydatidosis, 340 large roundworm from dogs, 329 leptosporosis, 278 listeriosis, 256, 280 pork tapeworm (cysticercosis), 282, 339 rabies, 251, 281 trichinosis, 279 tuberculosis, 206 Pulpy kidney, 194 Pulse, pulse rate, 47 rapid pulse, 48 regular or irregular, 48 table of rates, 48 weak or strong, 48 Pushing head against objects, 256 Pyrethrins, 383 Quarantine, 60, 95 Rabbits ear mites, 114 restraint and handling, 30 Rabies, 281 change in behavior, 252 detailed description, 251 drooling, 52 nervous signs, 249 strange bellow, 52 vaccination (two types), 253 Record keeping, 343 Rectal examination, 54 Red blood cells, 261 function of, 198 Redwater, 244, 287 Reportable / Notifiable disease, 96 Reproduction definition of, 131 Reproductive system, 131 female anatomy, 132 male anatomy, 131 Reproductive table, 135 Resistance definition, association with immunity, 89 tick diseases, 110 Resistance (antibiotic), 352 Respiration, 45 table of rates, 48 Respiratory disease bronchitis, 203 caused by parasites, 201 control /prevention of, 201 diagnosis of, 200 emphysema, 203 ephemeral fever, 207 hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), 205 lungworm, 203 pneumonia, 203 poisons, 204 strangles, 208 symptoms of, 199 tuberculosis (T.B.), 206 Respiratory rate, 200 factors which affect it, 199 Respiratory system function of, 198 Restraint & handling, 16 building a crate, 19 chickens, 31 goats, 27 horses, 24 pigs, 28 rabbits, 30 sheep, 27 Retained placenta, 152 Rickets, 242 Rinderpest, 96, 195 Ringworm, 123, 225 Rotation of pens and pastures, 127 Roughages, 305 Roundworms, large, life cycle 326 Roundworms, small, 329 Rumen, 53 function of, 177 micro-organisms, 189 transplant, 189 Rumen fluke, 335 Rumen microorganisms, 177 Ruminants, 53 Salt, 102 necessary mineral, 101 trace mineralized, 307 Salt deficiency, 309 Salt poisoning (salt toxicity), 55, 254, 269, 313 nervous signs, 249 Sanitation, 93 Savlon, 381 Scab, from mites, 113 Sclera (eye), yellow-color, 50 Screw worm / maggots, 49, 119 Seasonal breeders, 134 Sedatives, 363 Selection, 167 Semen, 133 Seroma, 221 Services, animal health, 5, 6 factors affecting, 6 organized system, 6 poor farmers, 6 Setting fractures - see fracture, 233 Shaking of head, ear infection, 257 Sheep and goats age estimation, 35 feeding medicine to, 27 restraint and handling, 27 tapeworms, 338 weight estimation, 41 Sheep keds, 117 Sheep nose bots, 120 Sheep pox, 224 Shipping fever, see hemorrhagic septicemia, 205 Shock, 85, 261 Silage, 98 spoiled, source of listeriosis, 256 Six month disease, 194 Skeletal system, 231 Skin dehydration, 49 dry skin and hair, 49 examination of, 49 Skin system function of, 212 Slaughter mandatory, 96 Slaughterhouse, infection of workers, 278 SLUD, 83 Small roundworms, 129 lifecycle, 329 scientific names, 331 Snail intermediate host of liverfluke, 334, 335 Snake bite, 82, 255 Sneeze, due to respiratory disease, 200 Soap, 375 Sodium Thiosulfate, 368 Sore mouth, 182, 225 see orf or contagious ecthyma, 182 Specimens, insect, worm and fluke, 292 Speculum, 66 mouth, 67 Sperm, 133 Splints, 233 Sprains, 238 Spraying pesticides, 315 Stable flies, 117 Sterilization of equipment alcohol/spirit method, 76 boiling method, 76 chlorine bleach method, 76 savlon method, 76 steam method, 76 Steroids, 263, 360 Stiffness, 257 Stirofos, 382 Stomach tube, 66, 186 use in bloat, 186 Stomatitis, 180 Stomoxys, 117 Stones, calculi (urinary bladder), 247 Strange, crazy, excited behavior, 250 due to chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity, 83 Strangles, 208 Streptococcus, 208 Subcutaneous injections, 72 Sudden death, 277 Sulfa for chickens, 296 Sulfa group (antibiotics), 353 Sulfadiazine + Trimethoprim (Tribrissen), 358, 368 Sulfadimidine (Sulfamez), 359, 369 Sulfamethazine, 359, 369 Sulfur ointment to treat mange, 114 Sulfur Powder, 376, 382 Supplements/Supportives (Vitamins & Minerals, 361 Supportive care for fracture patients, 234 Susceptible, see immunity, 89 Suture materials, 215 Suture needles, 215 Suture patterns, 216 Suturing/stitching, 213 Swallowing, difficulty, 52 Swine Erysipelas, 96 Swine fever, 197 Swine pox, 225 Swollen throat, anemia, 52 causes of, 202 Syringes, 68 Systems of the body, table of, 57 Tabanids, 117 Taenia (tapeworms), 338, 339 scientific names, 337 Tail tie cattle, 17 Tapeworm cysts, as a cause of disease, 278 Tapeworms, 129 cattle and buffalo, 337, 338 dogs, 337 horses, 337 lifecycle, 336 pigs, 337 pork, 282, 339 poultry, 337 scientific names, 337 sheep and goats, 338 Tapeworms (Cestodes), 336 Teat cannula, how to use, 158 Teats, 53 Technicians, 2 Teeth as cause of malnutrition, 51 cause of lack of appetite, 178 crooked, 51 examination, 51 infected, rotten, 181 problems of, 180,181 Temperature, 46 elevations in body temperature, 63 fever, 46 table of normal body temperatures, 47 thermometer, 46 Testicles, 163 Testosterone, 131 Tetanus (lockjaw), 211, 258 anti-toxin, 258 nervous signs, 249 toxoid, 258 Tetra-chlorvinphos, 382 Tetracycline group (antibiotics), 353 Tetramisole And Oxyclosanide (Nilzan), 372 Texas fever, 245 Thermometer, 46 Thiabendazole, 374 Throat physical examination, 51 swollen, causes of, 202 swollen, due to respiratory disease, 200 swollen, nervous signs, 249 Throat problems, 183 Thyroid gland, 263 Tick fever, 245 Ticks, 108 Tilted head, 257 Tissue samples, 286 Tobacco insecticide, 120 Tolerance definition, 89 Tongue, 264 Torsalo or nuche maggots, 121 Tourniquet, 78, 82 Toxemia conjunctiva of eyes, 50, 267 definition of, 84, 254, 267 purple color of vulva, 267 Toxicities and poisonings definition, 254 list of most common, 254 Toxins cause of abortions, 163 Tranquilizers, 363 Treatment, 3 selecting a good treatment, 61 supportive care for all sick animals, 62 Trembling, 257 Trichinosis, 279 Trichostrongylus, 331 Trochar and cannula, 187 see bloat, 186 Trypanosomiasis, 275 Tsetse flies, 118 Tubercles, 207 Tuberculosis (TB), 200, 206 testing, 207 Tumor, 273 Turpentine, 376 Twisted uterus (uterine torsion), 145 Twitch for horses, 25 Tying an animal, see restraint, 16 Udder, 53 Ulcers, abomasum, 195 in mouth, 223 in stomach or intestine, 194 Ultraviolet Rays (from sun), 381 Urethra, blocked, 247 Urinary system, function of, 243 Urine, color 243 Urine sample, 287 Uterine torsion, 145 Uterus infection, 153, 154 prolapse of, 149 Vaccines, 377 birds, 378 cattle and buffalo, 378 cold storage, 91 dogs, 378 factors that damage them, 92 goats, 378 horses, 378 llamas, 379 pigs, 379 sheep, 379 use to increase immunity & prevent disease, 90 Vaccines, administration of, 377 Vagina, prolapse of, 149 Vector Definition, 95 Vegetables, 99, 103 Venereal tumors, 222 Vesicle, 49, 223 Veterinary medicine, definition of, 2 Viruses definition, 87 treatment of, 87 Vitamin A & D Injection, 362 Vitamin A deficiency, 311 blindness, 256 nervous signs, 249 Vitamin B deficiency, 311, 312 Vitamin B Tablets, 370 Vitamin B-Complex Injection, 362 Vitamin C deficiency, 311 Vitamin D deficiency, 311, 312 Vitamin deficiencies signs of, 103 table of signs, 311 treatment of, 103 Vitamin E deficiency, 311, 312 Vitamin K deficiency, 311 Vitamins (protective foods), function of, 103 sources of, 103 Vomiting, 190 Vulva, 53 swollen, 53 Walking in a funny manner ear infection, 257 lameness, 232 tilted head, 257 vitamin A deficiency, 256 Walking and moving examination of, 44 Warbles, 121 Warts, 223 Water necessary nutrient, 104 sources of, 104 Water (Boiled), 381 Water deficiency (dehydration)

signs of, 105 treatment of, 105 Water deprivation, 269, 272 Weight estimation cattle, 36, table, 37 goats, 41 horses, 40 pigs, 39 sheep, 41 Whipworm, 331 White blood cells, 261 immunity, 89 Withdrawal time, 348 Wooden tongue, 182 Working, food needed, 99 Wounds, 86 bleeding, 78, 219 burns, 86 chronic, 219 from animal bites, 219 treatment of, 212 Xylazine, 364 Yellow-color (jaundice)

blood destruction, 50 liver problem, 50 Zoonotic disease definition of, 14 About the Authors Peter N. Quesenberry Email: pmqberry@gmail.com BS 1976 University of California, Davis DVM 1978 University of California, Davis MPVM (Public Health) 1991 University of California, Davis Following graduation from veterinary school, Dr. Quesenberry joined the Chino Valley Veterinary Group and practiced there as a dairy vet for 2 years before he and his wife Mary went to Nepal in 1980. In Nepal he worked to further establish a clinic and an animal health training program for farmers. In addition, he helped train veterinary technicians for the government of Nepal and wrote curricula and textbooks. In 1990 Dr. Quesenberry returned to the States and completed his masters before returning to Asia in 1991. Dr. Quesenberry is currently serving as an advisor to local foundation and lives in the very northern tip of Thailand, in Chiang Rai.

Peter and his wife Mary have 3 children. Nat and Cheri were born in Nepal, and Wynn was born in Thailand. The whole family was actively involved with the “Handbook of Animal Health” project and sincerely hopes it will impact many peoples’ lives in a positive way.

Maureen Birmingham BS 1981 University of Illinois, Urbana DVM 1983 University of Illinois, Urbana MPH 1990 Harvard University, Boston Prev Med Res U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Dr. Birmingham worked as a large animal veterinarian for 2 1/2 years at Paradise Veterinary Practice in Upstate New York. She then worked in Haiti for ~4 years. There she worked with an indigenous NGO to develop training on animal husbandry and health for farmers and animal health agents. She was also seconded to the International Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture to help with the African Swine Fever Eradication effort in Haiti. She then worked in Bolivia for ~1.3 years with an indigenous NGO to train animal health agents. After subsequent post-graduate training in public health and epidemiology and a preventive medicine residency, she worked for the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an epidemiologist, detailed to the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland from 1993-2004 on polio eradication and surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases. She then worked for WHO in the South East Asia Region on emerging diseases. At the time of this printing she is currently the WHO representative in Argentina.

Maureen and her husband Dan have 3 children: Erika, Evelyn and Zoe.

References Animal Health Improvement Program, How to Make Livestock Healthy, the UMN, Kathmandu, Nepal, 1989.

Bell, John C., Palmer, Stephen R., Payne, Jack M., The Zoonoses, Edward Arnold, A Division of Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1988.

Bruner, D.W., Gillespie, J.H., Hagan's Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY, 1973.

Carlson, James, Raising Healthy Cattle Under Primitive Conditions, CVM, World Concern, Seattle, WA.

Craven, Alison, Animal Health, Animal Health Improvement Program, UMN.

Dunn, Angus M., Veterinary Helminthology, William Heinemann Medical Books LTD, London, 1969.

Goodman, Earl, Raising Healthy Pigs Under Primitive Conditions, CVM, World Concern, 1990.

Grimley, Will; Lynn, Randy; Robinson, Beth, Drugs and Their Usage, CVM, World Concern, 1998.

Hart, B. and Mitchell, G.L., Aus.Vet.Journal, 41,305.

Hendersen, Judy, Auxiliary Health Workers Teaching Manual, Karnali Technical School.

Laboratory Aids to Clinical Diagnosis, 36 Gordon Square, London, WCI Leman, Glock, et al, Diseases of Swine, 5th Edition, The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, Philippine Copyright, 1982.

Manual for Animal Health Auxiliary Personnel, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1983.

Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office Merck Veterinary Manual, 4th and 6th Editions, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, 1973, 1986 Oehme, Frederick W., Prier, James E., 1980, Text book of Large Animal Surgery, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1974.

Prasad, B., Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Satish Kumar Jain, College Book Store, 1701, Nai Sarak, Delhi 10006 Quesenberry, P.N., Raising Healthy Pigs in the Hills of Nepal, the UMN. Quesenberry, P.N., The JTA Handbook on Animal Health, the UMN.

Roberts, Stephen J., Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases, Published by the author, Ithaca, New York, 1971.

Schwartz, L. Dwight, Pennsylvania Poultry Health Handbook, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agriculture, University Park, Pennsylvania. Slowinski, Annette, Class notes on Animal Health, 1990.

Soulsby, E.J.L., Helminths, Arthropods & Protozoa of Domesticated Animals, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1976.

South Carolina Agriculture Chemical Handbook published by Clemson University.

University of Georgia Agriculture Extension Service: various publications on parasitology. Vallachira, Aravindan, Veterinarians Drug Index, Third Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 1995.

Werner, David, Where There is No Doctor, Hesperian Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, 1981 Useful information you need to know (Units of Measurement)

Capacity, space or volume refers to the measurement of liquid. 1 teaspoon = 5 cm or 5 milliliters (ml) 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 1 tablespoon = 15 cc or 15 ml 2 tablespoons = 30 cc or 30 ml = 1 fluid ounce 8 fluid ounces = 1 cup = 240 cc or 240 ml 2 cups = 1 pint = 480 cc or 480 ml 2 pints = 1 quart = 32 fluid ounces 1 quart is just less than 1 liter 1 liter = 1000 cc or ml) 4 quarts = 1 gallon = nearly 4000 cc, ml Weight refers to the weight of material 16 ounce (oz) = 1 pound (1 lb) 1 pound = 454 grams (gm) 1000 g = 1 kg (kilo, kg) 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 ounce = 28 grams 1 gram (gm) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1 Green (gr) = 65 mg Metric system 1 milliliter (ml) = 1 cc 1000 ml = 1 liter 1 gram (gm) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1 kg (kilo, kg) = 2.2 pounds (1bs)

Handbook of Animal Health This book has been developed to benefit rural people in many areas of the world where livestock still play a very important role in community life. It deals with many different animal health related topics including disease prevention, control and treatment, and also the promotion of good animal nutrition. Specifically, the authors hope that this book will be useful for people living in areas “where there is no animal doctor.” It is hoped that people who use this book will be able to realize which disease conditions they can handle on their own, and when to call for help from more experienced animal health workers.

This book is written for anyone interested in improving the health of livestock, regardless of whether they own livestock themselves. In this book such workers, male and female, are called AHAs (Animal Health Agents). An AHA will usually fit into one of three categories:

1. Trained Farmers: These are farmers who have received some training (formal or informal) and are actively treating the most common animal health problems in their communities. More importantly, these farmers might also participate in disease prevention activities, such as vaccinations and parasite control.

2. Technicians: These people generally have at least a middle-school education and one or two years of specific training in the area of agriculture or livestock production. Animal health technicians may be self-employed or employed by the government, a non-governmental organization, or a livestock producers' group.

3. Community leaders / development workers: These are community development workers or leaders working with communities interested in livestock health.